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100-Mile Border Enforcement Zone in the US

The 100-Mile Border Enforcement Zone is a policy in the United States that allows Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to exercise enhanced enforcement authority within 100 miles of the country’s international borders and coastal areas.

1. What is the 100-Mile Border Enforcement Zone?

  • The zone encompasses areas within 100 miles of the U.S. land and coastal borders, covering approximately two-thirds of the U.S. population.
  • It is based on the Immigration and Nationality Act and regulations that grant CBP broad authority to conduct searches and enforce immigration laws in these areas.

2. Why Does This Zone Exist?

  • The zone was established to enhance border security and prevent illegal entry, smuggling, and other cross-border crimes.
  • It allows CBP to act swiftly in areas where the risk of unauthorized entry is higher.

3. What Authority Does CBP Have in This Zone?

  • Checkpoints: CBP operates immigration checkpoints within the zone, where officers can stop vehicles to verify immigration status.
  • Warrantless Searches: CBP can conduct warrantless searches at the border and its functional equivalent (e.g., airports and ports of entry).
  • Roving Patrols: CBP officers can patrol the zone and stop individuals or vehicles if they have reasonable suspicion of immigration violations.

4. Controversies and Criticisms

  • Civil Liberties Concerns: Critics argue that the zone infringes on constitutional rights, such as protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
  • Overreach: Some believe CBP’s authority is too broad and can lead to racial profiling or harassment of lawful residents.
  • Transparency: There are concerns about the lack of clear guidelines on how CBP exercises its authority in the zone.

5. What Should Travelers Know?

  • Be Prepared: Carry valid identification and travel documents when traveling within the zone.
  • Know Your Rights: Understand your rights during interactions with CBP, including the right to remain silent and the right to refuse consent to a search (unless required by law).
  • Stay Informed: Be aware of CBP checkpoints and patrols in the area and comply with lawful instructions.