
Holiday traditions often involve special foods, but transporting them across international borders requires understanding complex regulations.
The Declaration Imperative
Every food item must be declared, regardless of:
- How it’s packaged
- Whether you think it’s allowed
- Its value or quantity
- Your citizenship status
Failure to declare food results in:
- Confiscation of items
- Fines starting at $300
- Potential criminal charges for intentional violations
- Delays affecting your entire travel party
Meat and Poultry Products
Most restrictive category due to disease concerns.
Prohibited:
- All fresh, frozen, or refrigerated meat
- Raw or partially cooked poultry
- Sausages and cured meats (unless commercially canned)
- Home-prepared items containing any meat
- Gravy or stuffing containing meat products
Limited exceptions:
- Commercially canned meat (labeled and sealed)
- Fully cooked and shelf-stable products
- Dried meat snacks (commercially packaged)
That home-cooked turkey? Cannot cross. Grandma’s famous stuffing with sausage? Prohibited. Ham for holiday dinner? Not allowed unless commercially canned.
Dairy Products
Complex regulations vary by product and origin.
Generally prohibited:
- Unpasteurized milk and cheeses
- Fresh dairy products
- Items requiring refrigeration
Generally allowed with declaration:
- Hard-aged cheeses
- Commercially packaged butter
- Powdered milk products
- Shelf-stable dairy items
Fruits and Vegetables
Most fresh produce cannot be imported/cross borders due to concerns about pests and diseases.
Prohibited:
- Fresh fruits (includes decorative arrangements)
- Fresh vegetables
- Plants and plant cuttings
- Seeds
Allowed exceptions:
- Some commercially frozen items
- Certain canned products
- Dried fruits (commercially packaged)
Baked Goods and Desserts
Seemingly innocent baked goods create confusion.
Allowed:
- Bread without meat ingredients
- Cookies and pastries (no meat fillings)
- Cakes and pies (no meat-based ingredients)
- Commercially packaged baked goods
Prohibited:
- Items containing meat (pork in tamales, bacon in appetizers)
- Products with unpasteurized dairy
- Anything with fresh fruit fillings
Prepared Dishes
Complex prepared foods face the strictest scrutiny.
Each ingredient matters. A casserole containing vegetables, cheese, and turkey faces prohibition because of the turkey, even though other ingredients might be allowed separately.
Regional Considerations
Regulations vary by crossing point and origin country. Mexico-US crossings have different restrictions than Canada-US crossings. Research specific requirements for your route.
Practical Strategies
Ship items ahead: Non-perishable foods can be mailed legally if allowed for import.
Purchase at destination: Eliminates crossing complications entirely.
Choose allowed items: Focus on baked goods, hard cheeses, and shelf-stable items.
Prepare accurate declarations: List every food item you’re bringing.
When Officers Question Your Food
Officers may:
- Ask detailed questions about ingredients
- Request to see items
- Open the packaging for inspection
- Confiscate prohibited items
- Issue fines for undeclared items
Cooperate fully and honestly. Arguing about confiscated items doesn’t change regulations.
